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ASCO GU 2008 - Prostate Stem Cell Insight Into Tumor Initiation

UroToday.com - John Isaacs, Johns Hopkins discussed stem cell biology. Cancer is caused by a series of genetic changes (both germ line and somatic). Genetic instability can occur even in cancer cells, influencing their behavior. He cited the Gleason scoring system as an example of phenotypic heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of cancer cells may appear chaotic, but in hematopoeisis, it is shown that the changes are a lineage commitment from adult stem cells to committed progenitor cells to differentiated cells. Organogenesis and carcinogenesis thus follow similar paths, except that in the latter the cells continue to grow. He said that this suggests that carcinogenesis then also begins from stem cells. The origin of cancer stem cells is either a malignantly transformed stem cell or a cancer cell that differentiates to a stem cell.

Normal prostate stem cells are not dependent upon androgen for their survival and are not androgen receptor positive. The prostate stem cell can give rise to a neuroendocrine type cell or a transit amplifying cell that is proliferative. These cells become intermediate cells that then begin to express AR. The prostate is a reciprocal interaction between epithelium and stoma. The paracrine signaling from the stromal cells is decreased after androgen deprivation and affects the luminal cells which are not proliferative. Normal stem cells are p63 negative and AR negative. The cancer progenitor cell is p63 positive, but the intermediate cell is p63 negative. The cancer stem like cell is p63 negative and AR positive, thus supporting the origin of the CaP stem cell as coming from intermediate cells. He concluded that stem cells can be acquired from these differentiating events and in CaP the intermediate cell is responsible for the origin of the cancer stem like cell that then leads to development of cancer luminal cells.

Presented by John T. Isaacs at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) - 2008 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium - A Multidisciplinary Approach - February 14-16, 2008 San Francisco, California, USA

Reported by UroToday.com Contributing Editor Christopher P. Evans, MD, FACS Professor & Chairman Department of Urology University of California, Davis, School of Medicine Sacramento, CA

UroToday - the only urology website with original content written by global urology key opinion leaders actively engaged in clinical practice.

To access the latest urology news releases from UroToday, go to: www.urotoday.com

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ASCO gu 2008 - de prostatã cu celule stem carte de vizita a tumorii iniþierea - ASCO GU 2008 - Prostate Stem Cell Insight Into Tumor Initiation - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate