ANALIZE MEDICALE DE LABORATOR
Aici gasiti analizele medicale grupate pe categorii precum si detalii generale si specifice pentru categoriile respective.
Selectati o categorie din lista de mai jos:
Solutie antistress!
Construieste poduri :)
Prinde pisica neagra :)
Africa Action Condemns Resumption Of Large-Scale Sudanese Government Attacks On Civilians
In light of the recent security meltdown in Chad and the brutal February 8
attack on Darfuri civilians by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and allied
Janjaweed militia, Africa Action calls for heightened U.S. diplomatic
pressure to expedite the full deployment of the hybrid United Nations
(UN)-African Union (AU) peacekeeping force known as UNAMID to Darfur and
pursue truly comprehensive political solutions to all Sudan's conflicts.
The complete absence of any security and disastrous humanitarian
conditions along the Chad-Sudan border illustrate that now, more than
ever, sustained, wide-ranging international engagement at the highest
levels is necessary to honor the international commitment to protect the
populations of these regions and address their overlapping conflicts.
On Friday, February 8, Khartoum launched an attack on three towns in West
Darfur, north of the regional capital El Geneina, which local and
international observers described as "the worst in many, many months."
Antonov aircraft, helicopter gunships and horse-mounted militia
accompanied by Sudanese troops and land vehicles descended on the towns of
Abu Suruj, Sirba and Sileah with an intensity that evoked the gristly,
large-scale government-orchestrated attacks common during the early days
of the genocide in 2004. The UN states that 12,000 Darfuris were forced to
flee across the nearby border to Chad. Thousands more have been left
without shelter, sustenance or protection. Human Rights Watch puts the
death toll at over 150, and estimates that 160,000 people in West Darfur
have been cut off from humanitarian aid as a result of the attacks. Aid
workers report that Abu Suruj and Sirba have both been partially burned to
the ground. While Sudanese military leaders claimed that the assault was
directed at Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebels, known to draw
support from the region, all accounts of the offensive report that
civilians were the major targets.
This new violence occurs in an environment along the Chad-Sudan border
that can only be described as toxic to the well being of refugees and
internally displaced persons (IDPs), Sudanese and Chadian alike. Around
280,000 Sudanese have already fled to eastern Chad, and the capacity of
the UN and international aid agencies to support this burgeoning
population is overwhelmed. Internal displacement and chaos resulting from
the fierce fighting of the past two weeks between Chadian soldiers and
rebel groups has resulted in President Idriss Deby's government announcing
that Chad will not accept any more refugees from Darfur, leaving these
already homeless civilians with even fewer options to escape future
government attacks.
President Bush has repeatedly emphasized his "concern" for these
communities, a position last echoed by State Department spokesman Sean
McCormack in reference to the estimated 200,000 Darfuris displaced by last
weekend's attack. The beginning of 2008 has seen an upsurge in U.S.
diplomatic engagement with Khartoum, including a new Bush-appointed
Special Envoy for Sudan, Richard Williamson, meetings between senior
Africa diplomat Jendayi Frazier and Sudanese officials, and a visit on
Monday, February 11 to Sudan by Deputy Secretary of State John Negroponte.
While these efforts show promise, Africa Action notes that unless they are
followed up with vigorous, sustained and proactive U.S. diplomatic
engagement with Khartoum and other key countries at the UN Security
Council, circumstances on the ground will not change.
As outlined in this recent Africa Action report, Khartoum has successfully
obstructed the deployment of the 26,000-person UNAMID peacekeeping force
that UN Security Council Resolution 1769 authorized in July 2007. This
pattern of resistance by the Omar Al-Bashir-led National Congress Party
(NCP) regime can be overcome by concerted international pressure, as
demonstrated by Sudan's recent accession to sign a UN-requested Status of
Forces Agreement (SOFA) that will allow UNAMID the legal freedom of
movement it needs to deploy and operate effectively. Yet Khartoum has
repeatedly broken its promises in the past, and will continue to do so
unless faced with the credible threat of international consequences.
The U.S. must lead this multilateral response, using its diplomatic clout
to encourage European countries to apply punitive sanctions against the
NCP regime and to pressure China to remove its support of the
genocidaires. Another key impediment to UNAMID's deployment has been the
unwillingness of the international community to provide the helicopters
the operation requires. Bangladesh and Ethiopia's recent announcements
they would contribute a handful of vehicles to meet this demand constitute
a minor landmark, one that the U.S. must seize as an opportunity to use
diplomatic pressure and financial support to generate contributions of the
remaining absent helicopters. Persistent yet forceful diplomacy by
high-level U.S. diplomats will be vital to ensuring that these forces,
once offered by the international community, actually get on the ground
over Khartoum's inevitable stall tactics.
As essential as the immediate deployment of a fully equipped UN-commanded
peacekeeping force is to the people of Darfur, Africa Action recognizes
that a sustainable solution to this crisis relies just as much on a
political peace process. UNAMID's deployment and an inclusive political
peace process that engages Darfuri rebel groups, the Sudanese government
and civil society must unfold together in order to be effective. Africa
Action calls for U.S. leadership to make particular efforts to include
women in all restarted political negotiations. The absence of sufficient
participation by women leaders was one major flaw in the stillborn 2006
Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) and recent peace treaties for conflicts in
other regions of Sudan. As put forward in the Sudanese Women Declaration
on Darfur released at the January 2008 African Union Summit in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia, women community leaders should "engage fully and
effectively with the Darfur peace process" including regular reports to
"the AU and other relevant institutions on all issues of concern for women
in Darfur."
Africa Action also stands in solidarity with the call issued by this
declaration that Darfuri women engage in regular dialogue with women
leaders from across other regions of Sudan. The Bush administration and
the international community should both support this channel of
communication and model their own diplomatic tactics on a similarly
comprehensive approach to Sudan's multiple conflicts. As Africa Action
explains in this December 2007 report, the U.S. must not prioritize
protection and peace for Darfur at the expense of supporting resolution to
Sudan's other conflicts, particularly the 2005 Comprehensive Peace
Agreement (CPA) that ended Sudan's North-South civil war. Over the past
two weeks, international attention was focused on the government-rebel
battles in Chad and the atrocities in West Darfur while largely ignoring
troubling events affecting the fragile North-South peace.
Violence between Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) forces,
Misseriya nomads and Sudanese government troops loyal to President Bashir
has persisted around the North-South border city of Abyei since December
2007. Despite calls from SPLM/A leadership to avoid fighting, tensions in
this region are high. Due to its oil wealth, Abyei remains a point of
contestation between the SPLM/A and the Bashir regime in Khartoum. An
escalation of this conflict could set off further unraveling of the CPA,
with devastating consequences for Sudan as a whole. Africa Action urges
the U.S. to engage with all parties to resolve the deadlock around Abyei
on the terms agreed to in the binding 2005 Boundary Commission report.
Similarly, the Bush administration should pressure Khartoum to move
forward on the process of electoral reform begun this past weekend by the
National Constitutional Review Commission in order to meet the April 2008
deadline for the national census that is a vital prerequisite for the 2009
national elections stipulated by the CPA. If the U.S.-led international
community fails to achieve progress on the implementation of these key CPA
provisions, not only does the North-South conflict risk a return to civil
war, but Sudan as a whole will miss the opportunity for democratic
elections that might usher in a more representative democratic government.
A high level Sudanese delegation to Washington earlier this February
returned to Khartoum with the report that the normalization of Sudanese
relations with the U.S. depends on the resolution of the Darfur crisis.
This demonstrates that despite Sudan's increased trade with China, the
U.S. still holds leverage valued by the NCP, not to mention the SPLM/A
officials in Sudan's Bashir-dominated "Government of National Unity."
Africa Action urges the Bush administration to follow through on its
rhetoric by taking Khartoum to task on UNAMID deployment and devoting
maximum diplomatic capital to reengaging an inclusive peace process for
Darfur as well as pursuing solutions to Sudan's other conflicts. National
Security Advisor Stephen Hadley stated on February 4, 2008 that the U.S.
is "leading international efforts to help stop the genocide in Darfur."
President Bush must honor this commitment, in response to the pleas of the
United Nations, recent demands by Members of Congress from both parties
and above all the great need and suffering of the people of Darfur.
Africa Action
Africa de acþiune condamnã Reluarea la scarã largã a guvernului sudanez atacuri asupra civililor, - Africa Action Condemns Resumption Of Large-Scale Sudanese Government Attacks On Civilians - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate