Fossil Oak Galls Preserve Ancient Multitrophic Interactions
Fossil galls are rare, and fossils that enable us to see what went on inside them are very rare! Recently discovered 145,000 year old fossil galls from the Netherlands are so well preserved they can be attributed to a modern species of wasp - Andricus hungaricus - that galls oak trees.
The galls are preserved in three dimensions, and show signs of attack by specialist herbivorous gall parasites called inquilines - the first fossil evidence of this type of association.
The fossils also imply that an oak species now present only as an introduced species in the Netherlands was native to the same region 145,000 years ago. This highlights the fact that some human introductions parallel natural processes during earlier periods in earth's history.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Proceedings B is the Royal Society's flagship biological research journal, dedicated to the rapid publication and broad dissemination of high - quality research papers, reviews and comment and reply papers. The scope of journal is diverse and is especially strong in organismal biology.
www.publishing.royalsociety.org/proceedingsb
Fossil Oak Galls Conservarea Ancient Multitrophic Interacþiuni - Fossil Oak Galls Preserve Ancient Multitrophic Interactions - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate