1st Confirmed Common Genetic Risk Factors For Breast Cancer Uncovered By Genome Institute Of Singapore And Partners
In a paper published online today in the journal Nature, the international team of scientists who conducted the genome-wide association study report that these five genes code for proteins crucial to biological activities that previously had not been implicated as triggers of breast cancer. The genes carry the DNA recipes for proteins important to the growth and duplication of body cells and the signalling, or communications, that must occur between cells in order for the body to function normally.
Previous investigations have identified about a dozen genetic mutations associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Normal versions of these genes help prevent cancer from occurring in the first place, by helping cells to repair DNA breaks and other abnormalities that can result from chance or exposure to an environmental toxin, such as excessive UV sunlight. However, BRCA-1, BRCA-2 and the other previously identified breast cancer susceptibility genes are mutated in a relatively small percentage of women.
"Risk mutations within these genes are so rare that only a very small number of breast cancer incidences are caused by these mutations," said Jianjun Liu, Ph.D., co-author of the Nature paper and Senior Research Scientist at the Genome Institute of Singapore, one of the over 20 research institutions collaborating in the international study of breast cancer genes.
The five genetic variants identified by Dr. Liu and collaborators occur more frequently among women with breast cancer than do BRCA and the other previously identified breast cancer susceptibility genes.
The five genes are the FGFR2, TNRC9/ LOC643714, MAP3K1, and LSP1.
"This is a truly landmark breakthrough for breast cancer research, because these genes are the first confirmed common genetic risk factors for breast cancer," said Dr. Liu.
As common genetic risk factors, these genes likely have more impact than the previously identified risk genes on disease prevalence across a large population of women. However, Dr. Liu pointed out, breast cancer susceptibility is conferred by a large number of genetic loci, each with a small effect on breast cancer risk.
"Breast cancer likely involves many risk genes, and each gene only confers a moderate risk for disease," Dr. Liu explained.
While the findings of the international research collaboration hopefully will fuel the development of more effective ways of preventing and treating breast cancer, Dr. Liu said that the most immediate benefit of the new results may be in understanding the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer.
The Nature paper is the second major research report published this year by this international team of scientists. In February of this year, the team reported in Nature Genetics that they had identified a gene (Caspase 8) that could reduce cancer risk by as much as 10 percent.
The international research collaboration, known as the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, was established in 2005 to provide large sample sizes for examining genetic associations. In addition to GIS, participants include the Karolinska Institute with which the GIS has several other collaborations, and scientific institutions in other countries of Europe, as well as the U.S., and Australia.
About the Genome Institute of Singapore
The Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) is a member of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). Established in 2001, the research institute's mission is to be a world-class genomics institute and a centre for genomic discovery. GIS pursues the integration of technology, genetics and biology towards the goal of individualized medicine. The genomics infrastructure at GIS is utilized to train new scientific talent, to act as a bridge between academic and industrial research, and explore scientific questions of high impact.
http://www.gis.a-star.edu.sg
Research publication:
The research findings described in this press release can be found in the advance online publication of a Nature paper titled, "Genome-wide association study identifies breast cancer susceptibility loci."
Authors:
Douglas F. Easton 1, Karen A. Pooley 2, Alison M. Dunning 2, Paul D. P. Pharoah 2, Deborah Thompson 1, Dennis G. Ballinger 3, Jeffery P. Struewing 4, Jonathan Morrison 2, Helen Field 2, Robert Luben 5, Nicholas Wareham 5, Shahana Ahmed 2, Catherine S. Healey 2, Richard Bowman 6, the S. E. A. R. C. H. collaborators 2*, Kerstin B. Meyer 7, Christopher A. Haiman 8, Laurence K. Kolonel 9, Brian E. Henderson 8, Loic Le Marchand 9, Paul Brennan 10, Suleeporn Sangrajrang 11, Valerie Gaborieau10, Fabrice Odefrey 10, Chen-Yang Shen 12, Pei-Ei Wu 12, Hui-Chun Wang 12, Diana Eccles 13, D. Gareth Evans 14, Julian Peto 15, Olivia Fletcher 16, Nichola Johnson 16, Sheila Seal 17, Michael R. Stratton 17,18, Nazneen Rahman 17, Georgia Chenevix-Trench 19, Stig E. Bojesen 20, Børge G. Nordestgaard 20, Christen K. Axelsson 21, Montserrat Garcia-Closas 22, Louise Brinton 22, Stephen Chanock 23, Jolanta Lissowska 24, Beata Peplonska 25, Heli Nevanlinna 26, Rainer Fagerholm 26, Hannaleena Eerola 26,27, Daehee Kang 28, Keun-Young Yoo 28,29, Dong-Young Noh 28, Sei-Hyun Ahn 30, David J. Hunter 31,32, Susan E. Hankinson 32, David G. Cox 31, Per Hall 33, Sara Wedren 33, Jianjun Liu 34, Yen-Ling Low 34, Natalia Bogdanova 35,36, Peter Schurmann 36, Thilo Dork 36, Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar 37, Catharina E. Jacobi 38, Peter Devilee 39, Jan G. M. Klijn 40, Alice J. Sigurdson 41, Michele M. Doody 41, Bruce H. Alexander 42, Jinghui Zhang 42, Angela Cox 43, Ian W. Brock 43, Gordon MacPherson 43, Malcolm W. R. Reed 44, Fergus Couch 45, Ellen L. Goode 45, Janet E. Olson 45, Hanne Meijers-Heijboer 46,47, Ans van den Ouweland 47, Andre ? Uitterlinden 48, Fernando Rivadeneira 48, Roger L. Milne 49, Gloria Ribas 49, Anna Gonzalez-Neira 49, Javier Benitez 49, John L. Hopper 50, Margaret McCredie 51, Melissa Southey50, Graham G. Giles 52, Chris Schroen 53, Christina Justenhoven 54, Hiltrud Brauch 54, Ute Hamann 55, Yon-Dschun Ko 56, Amanda B. Spurdle 19, Jonathan Beesley 19, Xiaoqing Chen 19, kConFab 57*, A. O. C. S. Management Group 19,57*, Arto Mannermaa 58,59, Veli-Matti Kosma 58,59, Vesa Kataja 58,60, Jaana Hartikainen 58,59, Nicholas E. Day 5, David R. Cox 3 & Bruce A.J. Ponder
Authors' institutions:
1 CR-UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care and.
2 Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
3 Perlegen Sciences, Inc., 2021 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, California 94043, USA.
4 Laboratory of Population Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
5 EPIC, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
6 MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
7 Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
8 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
9 Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
10 International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008, France.
11 National Cancer Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
12 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
13 Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK.
14 Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 0JH, UK.
15 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK, and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
16 Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London SW3 6JB, UK.
17 Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
18 Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
19 Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
20 Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and
21 Breast Surgery, Herlev and Bispebjerg University Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
22 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
23 Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA.
24 Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02781, Poland.
25 Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz 90950, Poland.
26 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
27 Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland.
28 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
29 National Cancer Center, Goyang 411-769, Korea.
30 Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan 680-749, Korea.
31 Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
32 Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
33 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
34 Population Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Republic of Singapore.
35 Department of Radiation Oncology and
36 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
37 Department of Surgery and
38 Department of Medical Decision Making and
39 Departments of Human Genetics and Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
40 Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
41 Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
42 Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
43 Institute for Cancer Studies and
44 Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Sheffield University Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
45 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
46 VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
47 Department of Clinical Genetics and
48 Internal Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam NL-3015-GE, the Netherlands.
49 Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain.
50 Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
51 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand.
52 Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
53 Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
54 Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharamcology, 70376 Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
55 Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
56 Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
57 Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
58 Insitute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio FIN-70210, Finland.
59 Departments of Oncology and Pathology, University Hospital of Kuopio, Kuopio FIN70211, Finland.
60 Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa 65130, Finland.
1st confirmat genetice comune de factori de risc pentru cancerul de sân neacoperit de cãtre Institutul de genomul Singapore ºi parteneri - 1st Confirmed Common Genetic Risk Factors For Breast Cancer Uncovered By Genome Institute Of Singapore And Partners - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate