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20-year Study Shows Significant Rise In Childhood Obesity, Especially Among Young Girls
Four-year-old girls are six times more likely to have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of
more than 30 than they were 20 years ago and ten-year-olds are five times more
likely, according to research published in the April issue of Acta Paediactrica.
Swedish researchers who studied BMI figures for more than a thousand children
over two decades discovered that obesity levels had risen significantly among
younger children, but that levels were much more constant among teenagers
included in the research.
They also found that young girls were much more likely to be overweight or obese
than boys.
For example, in 2002 the average ten-year-old girl was 2.1 per cent taller and 13.4
per cent heavier than her 1982 counterpart, with a 13.3 per cent increase in BMI.
Boys were, on average, 1.1 per cent taller and 7.6 per cent heavier, with a 5.1 per
cent increase in BMI.
540 children were studied in 1982 and a further 540 in 2002 " with equal numbers of
girls and boys from each of the three age groups " four, ten and 16 - included in both
samples. The data was drawn from official child health and school health records, as
parents have a tendency to under-report the weight of obese children and are less
likely to take part in studies.
"Despite high levels of parental education in the studied population, a factor that has
been linked to lower childhood obesity levels, young children, especially girls, have
become much more overweight or obese in the last 20 years" say lead researchers
Drs Ulf Holmback and Anders Forslund from Uppsala University, Sweden.
"The large increase of obesity in four-year-olds and the lack of major change in 16-
year-olds points to a recent change in the children's environment and lifestyles. We
should point out, however, that the weight data was missing from a greater
percentage of the 16 year-olds' records in 2002 and this could be because some of
the more overweight teenagers refused to be weighed."
Key findings included:
-- In 2002, about a fifth of four-year-olds - 22 per cent of girls and 18 per cent of
boys - had a BMI of more than 25, compared with one in ten in 1982.
-- Six per cent of four year-old girls and two per cent of four-year-old boys had a
BMI of more than 30 in 2002, compared with one per cent for both sexes in
1982.
-- Nearly a third of ten year-old girls (30 per cent) and a fifth of ten year-old boys
(21 per cent) had a BMI of more than 25 in 2002, compared with 14 per cent
of girls and eight per cent of boys in 1982.
-- Five per cent of the ten-year-old girls in the 2002 survey had a BMI of over 30,
compared with one per cent in 1982. However, the level for boys actually fell
from two per cent in 1982 to one per cent in 2002.
-- 11 per cent of 16-year-old girls had a BMI of more than 25 in both 2002 and
1982. The number with a BMI over 30 rose from one per cent in 1982 to two
per cent in 2002.
-- Nine per cent of 16-year-old boys had a BMI of more than 25 in 2002,
compared with 15 per cent in 1982. The percentage with a BMI of more than
30 remained stable at one per cent.
"Children living in Sweden tend to be more active than children in other countries
such as the USA. But they spend more time in front of televisions and computers
and tend to do less physical education at school than before" says Dr Holmback,
who is also a visiting research fellow at the University of Chicago, USA.
"As societies become more technological, various aspects of everyday life demand
less and less physical activity and this is bound to contribute to childhood obesity.
"And as overweight and obese children become overweight and obese adults they
run a much higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes."
-- Overweight more prevalent among children than among adolescents. Holmback et al.
Acta Paediatrica. 96, pp 577-581. (April 2007)
-- Acta Pædiatrica is a peer-reviewed monthly journal at the forefront of international
pediatric research. It covers both clinical and experimental research in all areas of
pediatrics including: neonatal medicine, developmental medicine, adolescent
medicine, child health and environment, psychosomatic pediatrics, child health in
developing countries. It is published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, part of the
international Blackwell Publishing group. http://www.ActaPaediatrica.com
-- Blackwell Publishing is the world's leading society publisher, partnering with 665
medical, academic, and professional societies. Blackwell publishes over 800 journals
and has over 6,000 books in print. The company employs over 1,000 staff members
in offices in the US, UK, Australia, China, Singapore, Denmark, Germany and Japan
and officially merged with John Wiley & Sons, Inc's Scientific, Technical and Medical
business in February 2007. Blackwell's mission as an expert publisher is to create
long-term partnerships with our clients that enhance learning, disseminate research,
and improve the quality of professional practice. For more information on Blackwell
Publishing, please visit http://www.blackwellpublishing.com or http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.
De 20 de ani de studiu aratã creºtere semnificativã în copilãrie a obezitãþii, în special în rândul fetelor de - 20-year Study Shows Significant Rise In Childhood Obesity, Especially Among Young Girls - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate