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Nasal Vaccine For Smallpox Confers High Levels Of Immunity Without Safety Risks
Scientists at NanoBio
Corporation and the University of Michigan have demonstrated their nasally
delivered vaccinia vaccine can protect animals against 77 times the
potentially lethal dose of smallpox, and without the safety risks of
current vaccines for smallpox. Vaccinia virus is related to smallpox virus
and builds immunity against it.
The new vaccine confers a high level of safety because it contains
inactivated vaccinia virus, not the live virus contained in current
smallpox vaccines, according to the scientists. Live viruses can elicit
adverse reactions; yet previous attempts to use inactivated virus have
failed to rouse an adequate immune response against smallpox, the
scientists said.
The current study in mice demonstrates that NanoBio's killed-virus
vaccine elicits a robust immune response because it delivers
immune-alerting antigens directly to the lining of the nasal mucosa, where
the virus first enters the body. Immune cells inside the nose immediately
recognize the foreign invader and quickly build an immune response against
it, a process known as "mucosal" immunity.
Mucosal immunity provides a critical first response against respiratory
viruses, yet injected vaccines do not induce mucosal immunity, said James
R. Baker Jr., M.D. founder and chairman of NanoBio Corporation. NanoBio is
a spin-off from the University of Michigan.
"The key finding is that we have validated in animals a new means of
immunization that produces a unique and highly effective immune response
without the potential risks of smallpox vaccination that are no longer
considered acceptable in the population at large," said Baker.
"The safety and speed of our nasally delivered vaccine would provide
the necessary protection to the public in the event of a bioterrorist
attack or a natural outbreak of a related orthopoxvirus infection such as
monkeypox," he said.
Results of the study are published in the February 2008 issue of
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. The study is the first to demonstrate
protective immunity against smallpox using a vaccine with inactivated
virus, said Baker.
The data are the latest in a series of preclinical vaccine studies that
validate NanoBio's patented nanoemulsion platform, a suspension of oil,
water, alcohol and antimicrobial surfactant together with antigens from
specific pathogens. The nasally delivered vaccines easily penetrate mucous
membranes, where dendritic cells engulf the antigen and immediately present
it to the immune system.
This rapid awakening of the immune system via mucous membranes negates
the need for inflammatory stimulants used in traditional injected vaccines,
which can cause pain and swelling at the site of vaccination, said Baker.
Animal studies indicate that NanoBio's vaccines quickly trigger robust
immunity -- without adverse effects -- against a wide array of viruses and
bacteria, including influenza, hepatitis B, RSV, anthrax and HIV.
A study to be published this month in the journal AIDS Research and
Human Retroviruses demonstrates that their HIV vaccine produces both
mucosal immunity as well as systemic immunity -- the immune system's
long-term memory that enables it to recognize and combat future infections.
Both types of immunity are critically important, but developing mucosal
immunity is particularly valuable in combating sexually transmitted
diseases because they enter the body through mucous membranes, added Baker.
Vaccines that are delivered to one mucosal surface, such as inside the
nose, build immunity at distant mucosal surfaces as well.
"When you present an infection on one mucosal surface, the immune cells
that are recruited at that surface also traffic throughout all the mucosal
surfaces," Baker said. "Our HIV study suggests that the nanoemulsion should
be evaluated as a mucosal adjuvant for multivalent HIV vaccines."
Both the HIV and vaccinia vaccine studies demonstrate that vaccinated
animals developed mucosal and systemic immunity as well as cellular
immunity, whereby specific immune cells (CD8 and CD4 T cells) were
successfully primed to recognize and destroy infected cells in the body.
Cellular immunity kills infected cells in the body and essentially
removes the infection machinery of the virus. Previous HIV vaccines have
focused on inducing cellular immunity but not mucosal immunity, said Baker.
The more types of immunity generated by a vaccine, the higher the level of
protection and infection-fighting capability the vaccine can provide.
NanoBio is in various stages of testing its pipeline of nasally
delivered vaccines. Human testing of the influenza and hepatitis B vaccines
are being planned, and data from ferret studies on the influenza vaccine
are expected this quarter.
About NanoBio
NanoBio(R) Corporation is a privately held biopharmaceutical company
focused on developing and commercializing anti-infective products and
mucosal vaccines derived from its patented NanoStat(TM) technology
platform. The company's lead product candidates are topical treatments for
herpes labialis (cold sores), onychomycosis (nail fungus), MRSA and mucosal
vaccines for influenza and hepatitis B. The company's headquarters and
laboratory facilities are located in Ann Arbor, Mich.
NanoBio Corporation
http://www.nanobio.com
Vaccin nazal pentru vãrsat conferã un nivel ridicat de imunitate, fãrã riscuri de siguranþã - Nasal Vaccine For Smallpox Confers High Levels Of Immunity Without Safety Risks - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate