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Daily Alcohol Use Causes Changes In Sexual Behavior, New Study Reveals
A team of researchers at Penn Sate has used an animal model to reveal, for the first time, a physiological basis for the effect of alcohol on male
sexual behavior, including increased sexual arousal and decreased sexual inhibition. The research, which will be published on 2 January, 2008 in the
scientific journal PLoS ONE, resulted in four novel findings with broad importance for further addiction research.
It is the first study to characterize the effects of chronic alcohol exposure in fruit flies. "Physiological evidence supporting various theories
about the effect of alcoholic drinks has been lacking, so our now having a suitable animal model makes it possible to conduct much-needed laboratory
research on this issue," explains research-team-leader Kyung-An Han, associate professor of biology and a neuroscientist at Penn State. Information
from this research can serve as a baseline for similar studies in other animals, including humans.
In contrast to previous studies in other labs, which subjected fruit flies to short-term doses of ethanol -- the intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic
drinks -- Han's team administered to fruit flies a daily dose of ethanol to more closely mimic the drinking habits of alcoholics and chronic alcohol
abusers. The team investigated several factors that influence the physiological effects of ethanol, including genetic and cellular components, age,
and prior experience.
Among the team's discoveries is that male fruit flies, which typically court females, also actively court males when they are given a daily dose of
ethanol. "We identified three molecules that are crucial for "ethanol-induced courtship disinhibition," Han said. In one of the team's experiments,
Han and her students generated transgenic flies whose brain activities regulated by the neurotransmitter dopamine could be turned off temporarily by
changing the temperature to 32-degrees C. "Without a temperature change, the transgenic males showed conspicuous inter-male courtship under the
influence of ethanol; however, they exhibited negligible inter-male courtship when we changed the temperature to block the transmission of dopamine
neurons in the brain," Han said. "This result suggests that dopamine is a key mediator of ethanol-induced inter-male courtship."
A second discovery is that repeated exposure to ethanol causes male flies to engage in more inter-male courtship, a phenomenon known as "behavioral
sensitization." "If a behavior like alcohol consumption becomes more pleasurable the more often you do it, you are more likely to keep doing it," Han
explained.
Because the researchers suspect that behavioral sensitization results from adaptive changes in the brain's cells and molecules induced by chronic
alcohol consumption, they plan to use behavioral sensitization as a model for further physiological studies of alcohol-associated behavior and
addiction.
"This part of our study demonstrates that sexual behavior is not determined only during an organism's development, but it also can be influenced by a
post-developmental environmental factor; in this case, recurring exposure to ethanol," Han said. "These findings represent the first demonstration of
enduring behavioral changes induced by recurring ethanol exposure in a fly model."
A third achievement of the team's research is its demonstration that daily ethanol exposure induces chronic tolerance to the sedative effect of
ethanol in flies, as it does in other animals. Han and her students also made a fourth discovery -- that ethanol-induced intermale courtship is
affected by aging. "As flies get older, their cognitive capacities decline, making them more susceptible to the negative effect of ethanol on
cognition," Han reports. The research revealed that, under the influence of ethanol, middle-aged and old male flies (2- to 4-weeks old) have a higher
propensity for uninhibited inter-male courtship compared to fully mature male flies (4-days old).
"As a result of our research with the fruit fly, we are now just beginning to discover the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neural changes
in the brain that result from the chronic use of alcohol and that result in alcohol addiction and other behavior changes in our fly model," Han said.
Taken together, the studies described by Han's team provide novel insights into the physiological effects of chronic ethanol exposure on sexual
behavior and adaptive physiological changes within the brain, plus a foundation for future research on the effect of alcohol consumption on sexual
behavior in mammals and other species.
The research was supported by the grants from National Institute of Health and the National Science Foundation. In addition to Han, other members of
the research team include Hyun-Gwan Lee, a doctoral student in Penn State's Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program; Young-Cho Kim, who in August
2007 earned his doctorate in neuroscience at Penn State; and Jennifer Dunning, an undergraduate student majoring in biology. Penn State undergraduate
students Matthew Austin, Ian McInnis, Michael Park, and Jessica White also contributed to various aspects of this research.
High-resolution videos and images related to this story are on the Web at:
www.science.psu.edu/alert/Han12-2007.htm
Lee H-G, Kim Y-C, Dunning JS, Han K-A (2008)
"Recurring Ethanol Exposure Induces Disinhibited Courtship in Drosophila."
PLoS ONE 3(1):e1391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001391
Click here to view article online
About PLoS Medicine
PLoS Medicine is an open access, freely available international medical journal. It publishes original research that enhances our understanding of human health and disease, together with commentary and analysis of important global health issues. For more information, visit http://www.plosmedicine.org
About the Public Library of Science
The Public Library of Science (PLoS) is a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource. For more information, visit http://www.plos.org
Zilnic de alcool Cauzele Modificãri În Sexual Behavior, nou studiu relevã - Daily Alcohol Use Causes Changes In Sexual Behavior, New Study Reveals - articole medicale engleza - startsanatate